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niftt faire @wat SAMU'ELDARLING, on BaN-con, MAIN-n.

Letters Parent No. 73,957, mammary 4, '186s'.

IMPROVEMENT IN GASfEEATERS.

TO ALL WHOM ITYMAY QONCERN:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL DARLING, of Bangor, in the countyofPenobscot, and State'of Maine, have invented certain Improvements inApparatus for Directing and' Concentrating the Heat of GrasBurners; andI do hereby declare that the following, taken in connection withthedrawings which accompany and formpart of this specification, is adescription of my invention suliicient to enablethose skilled in the artto practise it..

in machine-shops and factories, it is often found necessary to .heatsmall pieces of iron, steel, or otherhard lmetal to a temperature higherthan can be attained from the liame ofan ordinary gas-burner, orotherame designed merely for illuminating purpgses; and if there be' a forge,orvportable forge, upon the premises, or near at hand, it is not alwaysavailable, because there is not constantly kept up, and to rebuild itexpressly for such littlejobs 'of repairs, alterations, &c., as arefrequently demanding the attention of the workman, or to' send to adistant'shop forV the purposeor to postpone it fora'moreco'nvenientseason, would be 'productive of expense, delay, and costnot warranted by the occasion, n

' Eliorts have been made lto moet such emergencies, by placing over agash-burner a tube projecting some little distance beyond it, and havingin it air-inlet yorifices to increase the current of atmospheric air,confine it and the lame within defined limits, andso intensify theheat., But itis found,.by experience, that the heat thus created,although greater and more serviceable than that Vderived from the use ofthe burner only, is still no limited in degree as to serve but fora verysmall range of work, andaltogiether to preclude its use for moet of thepurposes for which such a substitute for a forge is needed. l

My invention is intended to supply this need, and it consists invappending to such a. tube, and on opposite sides of it, two pieces ofmetal which I call concentrators, the object andl function of which areto Hatten and v.concentrato the dame emerging from the tube, and so toincrease its heating powers as 4to render itan invalu able implement. nthe drawings accompanying this specication, and'forming part `of thesame- Figure 1 represents a gas-burner of ordinary construction, and atube with my ccncentrators applied thereto.

4confined bythem.

v Figure 2represent`s the tube as ordinarily used, and without myconcentrators v applied. It 'also represente the form, but only aboutone-half the length of the llame emerging from such a tube. v

Figure 3 represents another view of my improvement, as shown in Iig. 1,andalso the form and direction given to the ilame by my," concentrators,and also its action upon a piece of metal submitted.' to such ilame.

i VFigure 4 represents a topl or end view of the eoncentrators,- andalso of the iiame as concentrated and t The concentrators may be made ofany suitable metal, but I'prefer to make them of sheet iron. They may beattached to the tubein any secure manner, but I prefer to rivet themthereto in any of the known methods of doing such work, and they shouldhave a breadth aboutjequal, at least, to the diameter of the tube. Theyshould extend about one inch above the tube, and should ,be so bent orcurveda's notl to come within an eighth of an inch of the upper end ofthe tube, whilst their upper freeends cir tips should beabout a quarterof an inch apart. The tubes may be made of brass, sheet iron, tin', orany other suitable metal.

The length of the tube, its diameter, and the inlet-holes for thepassage oi' air, should be proportioned about as shown in the drawings,in whchA, represents a gas-burner; B, the tubeplaced over the same; C,the coml Vcentraptors D, s. portion of the flame issuing from a tube towhich my concentrator "has not been applied, but

much shortened below the actual length of such flame; E, the bluish, andF the whitish portion of the ilame after passing between the lips' of myconcentrator 5 Gr, the bulging portion of the flame not confined betweenthese-lips 3 H, a bar of metal presented to the llame to be heated;and`a,the openings 'or air-inlet orifices in the tube, and which shouldbe below the' tip of the gas-burner. If desirable, a rest or support forthe article to be heated may be put upvin convenient proximity to theburner. l

Isis found in practice that my concentrator appliedv as above described,causes a bar of steel, one-half inch in diameter, to become red hot-iniive minutes, and in two minutes will heat a bar, one-quarter of an inchin diameter, suliiciently to be hardened, but the tube without myimprovementl will scarcely heat a. bar, of a half inch` diameter, redhot, in any length of time, a y

With such an apparatus in machine-shops, the workmen, instead of beingdependent upon the forger, or waiting upon hisl convenience or abilityto attend to their calls, when tools need repairing or retouching, canrepair and harden their-own drills, chisels, Xtc., at afmoments notice,and without dependence upon any other person, or 'upon any contingency,except a supply of gas. There should be snicient pressure or head of gaslet on, before applying a match, to prevent the iiame running back intothe tube. I

A very important feature of this improvementis thatit never overheatsthe steel.; and it is Well known to be a dilflcult matter to heatsmallpieces in a common forge without injuring the steel. Not only,therefore, is it evident that all such work can be 'done much better bymy heater than it can be in a forge, but that it can be done veryconsiderably cheaper, especially when it is considered thatveryfrequently work must cease until a drill or other tool is hardened, anda rermust be made up, even though the drill be but an eighth of' an inchin diameter." This takes much time, perhaps of several workmen, andconsiderable loss of'coal, which must then burn out unused.' "Theseheaters will, I feel confident, save hundreds ofdolla'rs yearly insomeof our'large machine-shops.`

It will beobserved that the eiect of my appliances is not only to'atten,but also to widen the dame, as ivelljas to increase its heating power.This enables me 'to heat a greater portion of the length of ber than ispossible with1the use of the tube alone;V and bydirecting all the damethat passes between the concentrators directlyupon the bar, but littleofthe heat is lost by spreading over its sides, whilst it is probablealso that the curvedinner facesof the iiat concentrators serve to createan additional current of atmospheric air towards the lame,.beyond thatcreated within the tube, and that the oxygen derived from thiscurrent,coming directly to the heated iiame, aidscombustion to a higher degreethan 'the air within the tube, which intermixes with the gas beforereaching the dame at the outlet ot the tube. Whatever may be the truetheory, practice demonstrates the eiciency of 'my improvement in a verymarked manner.

Instead of using a single tube,-or any particular form oftube, or ofconcentrators', I propose to vary their number or form, as may be founddesirable or convenient, as occasion may demand, long as the essentialfeature'of my invention, as above described, is employed. In some casesit will be important or necessary to havea number of burners (with myimprovement) arranged in rows organgs, or the tubes may, instead ofbeing in such a row or gang, be' made with one long' dame-dischargingopening, such as would be represented by a larger tube, sov flattened asto have two parallel sides, and the flame may be let into such tube orpipe i'n any convenient manner. There may be also a partial casing orshield around or over the iiame, to prevent the escapeof heat and toogreatA a rush of cold air upon the article being heated. v Such case orcasing may also serve as a means for holding the article while beingheated, and to shut oi from the eyes of the operator the intense glareofthe red-hot metal. i

I claim the combination, with the tube of a gas-heater,ofiiame-coniining guides, substantially as described.v

SAMUEL DARLING.

Witnesses: Y

JOHN E. HALL, ALBERT W. PAINE.

